The money stock
M1 sits inside M2, which sits inside M3. Each is a broader definition of money held.
Czech annual money flows
Annual receipts, payments, production and financing, with each source and accounting basis visible.
Annual · current prices · Czech crownsEconomic circuitSectors and their connectionsAnnual flowsPublished amounts, drawn to scaleStocks & changesOpening balances to closing balances
Money crossing Czechia’s border
Goods and services are only the beginning. Wages, investment income and transfers also cross the border. These are the four parts of the current account.
Amounts are expressed in CZK. This is a common reporting unit, not a breakdown of payments settled in crowns, euros or dollars. Original source units and any conversion are shown with each observation.
CZK billion per year
Foreign financing and assets abroad
Foreign investors acquire Czech assets; Czech residents acquire assets abroad. These financial-account entries measure net transactions in each instrument, not gross cash payments.
Beyond the current account: capital, investment and reserves
Economic sectors and connections
Choose a layer, a participant or a connection. See how one participant’s income finances another’s expenditure.
SCHEMATIC MAPESA 2010 / BPM6
Choosing the right measure
Choose the question before the measure. There is no single total of all money in an economy.
What did the economy produce?
GDP measures added value. Intermediate consumption captures inputs businesses buy, but GDP does not add their value again.
GDP · GVA · OUTPUT ↗How much money is held?
M1, M2 and M3 measure balances at a date. The broader aggregates include the narrower ones; they cannot be added.
M1 ⊂ M2 ⊂ M3 ↗How much payment activity?
Transfers, direct debits and cards measure payment activity. It includes purchases, account transfers and financial transactions.
TRANSFERS · CARDS · CERTIS ↗Payments and receipts by sector
A wage is an employer’s expense and a household’s income. Choose a transaction to see who records the payment and who records the receipt, including foreign counterparties.
Business inputs and value added
Businesses buy inputs from other businesses. GDP removes that repeated production value; it does not add up every payment.
Money stocks, financing and payments
Money stocks, financing transactions and payment turnover answer different questions. Their totals overlap and must remain separate.
Financing the economy
Acquiring financial assets and taking on liabilities are recorded separately. Net flows do not reveal every drawdown and repayment.
The payment system
Transfers and cards include business payments. Settlement turnover overlaps with client payments; cash withdrawals do not measure cash purchases.
What changed the balance sheet?
Connect two year-end holdings to transactions during the year. Spending, financial transactions and changes in asset values measure different things.
Total economy S1 · non-consolidated · includes claims between resident sectors · CZK billion
How one deposit supports multiple payments
Imagine the same existing deposit moving between people, with no new lending or cash. Change the number of transfers.
112
Money still held
Total value of payments
An illustration, not Czech data. The same money stock can support different payment volumes. The value of newly produced goods and services needs separate accounting.
Annual history
Choose a measure and inspect its history. Stocks, accrued flows and payment turnover retain their own definitions.
Available observations
Published values in this release. This does not describe all data available from the original providers.
Measures and sources
The full inventory includes missing observations. Open any measure for its exact source value, unit, period and definition.
Limits of the available data
Every cash purchase
An ATM withdrawal is not a purchase. There is no complete public register of cash payments.
Every invoice between businesses
Sector totals and supply-use tables do not contain a complete public register of paid invoices.
Gross transactions from net flows
The same net increase in credit can result from very different amounts of lending and repayment.
How far can we drill down?
Foreign counterparties
This atlas separates flow categories and financial instruments. A complete partner-country breakdown has not been published here.
Industries and supply chains
FIGARO tables connect countries and industries. They measure production links and value added, not individual money payments.
Explore FIGARO tables ↗Visual approach
Economic relationships, measured flows and balance sheets keep separate scales. The layout draws on ONS sector accounts and Statistics Canada’s stock–flow reconciliation.
ONS · Financial flow of funds ↗Statistics Canada · Financial accounts ↗Accounting method
National accounts and the balance of payments use accrual accounting. Financial flows are generally net; payment statistics are gross; stocks refer to a date. Missing values stay missing. No inferred bilateral payments, no synthetic balancing flow, and no sum across these layers.